Investigation of the effectiveness of intermittent electromagnetic field stimulation for early internal cartilaginous ossification in prechondrocytic ATDC5 cells
Abstract Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has been widely applied clinically to promote bone healing; however, its detailed mechanism of action, particularly in endochondral ossification, remains elusive, and long-term stimulation is required for its satisfactory effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in […]